{"id":240680,"date":"2023-09-27T11:29:53","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T09:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/?p=240680"},"modified":"2023-10-27T11:22:05","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T09:22:05","slug":"the-green-grass-covers-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/the-green-grass-covers-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"The Green Grass Covers the Past"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To mark 30 years since the killing of civilians during Operation Medak Pocket, the Youth Initiative for Human Rights and the Serb National Council in Croatia organised a study trip titled \u201cThe Young Remember the Forgotten\u201d. We from the Centre for Nonviolent Action Sarajevo-Belgrade joined the study trip. The Croatian Army\u2019s military operation called \u201cPocket \u201893\u201d began on 9 September and lasted until 17 September 1993. War crimes against the civilian population and prisoners of war were committed during the operation, and all buildings in the area were destroyed.<\/p>\n<p>During the three-day study trip, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portalnovosti.com\/spaljena-zemlja-medackog-dzepa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tihomir Pono\u0161<\/a>, a reporter and historian, as well as the executive editor of Novosti, spoke about what happened in the Medak Pocket 30 years ago, and later the participants met with Milan Uzelac, deputy prefect of the Lika-Senj County.<\/p>\n<p>We visited Gospi\u0107, Divoselo, Po\u010ditelj and Medak, and the few people still living in the villages. We had a video-call with Dragan Pjeva\u010d whose mother Boja Pjeva\u010d was one of 88 people killed in the Medak Pocket.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portalnovosti.com\/akcija-koja-je-promijenila-teslin-kraj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commemoration for the victims<\/a>\u00a0was held at the portal of the Church of St. John the Baptist in Medak.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-240476\" src=\"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-1000x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-1080x721.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-1280x854.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-980x654.jpg 980w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9562_-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Everything mined, everything razed<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The town of Gospi\u0107, the largest populated place in the area, had an ethnically mixed population before the war, consisting of 64% Croats and 30% Serbs. Today, its population is 94% Croat and 3.5% Serb. The total population has been reduced by a factor of three to less than 10,000 (there used to be 30,000 inhabitants), so it is easy to calculate the number of Serbs left in the entire territory: around 350. \u201cNo,\u201d the locals tell us, \u201cthere\u2019s not even 250 Serbs living here.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It is most lushly green with vegetation where houses once stood, says Milan Uzelac, the vice prefect of the Lika-Senj County, as he points out the barely visible remnants of houses sprouting trees while we walk around Divoselo.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The place can be found on the map, but if you reach it by the road being overtaken by grass on all sides, edged with signs warning of minefields, you\u2019ll have a hard time believing you are in a village. Everything is green, apart from the road passing through this lush patch of wilderness.<\/p>\n<p>Divoselo, which according to the 1991 census had a population of 344, is now inhabited only by the Stani\u0107 couple, who reconstructed their house, and only during the summer. All the structures in the village, not just the houses, but auxiliary buildings, barns, garages, everything was blown up or razed to the ground during Operation Medak Pocket, so that apart from the vegetation and animals, there is no other life in the village.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>A military operation without any wounded or captured<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The situation is similar in Medak itself, where a memorial service and commemoration for the victims was held at the church, although there are now 37 people living there, including four children. Mirko Zagorac was a refugee for a long time, but he returned, asked for his house to be reconstructed and now he lives there. The population of Po\u010ditelj used to be 367, and now it\u2019s two. \u010citluk in Lika also went down from 129 to two inhabitants.<\/p>\n<p>Mirko tells us about how after Operation Storm, he travelled for 14 days to reach Belgrade. In Medak itself, the church remained undamaged.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Fifty shells fell around the Church of St. John the Baptist, but the church itself remained whole, no one knows how, Mirko tells us.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>There were no wounded or captured in this operation of the Croatian Army \u2013 88 people were killed, of which 26 were older than 60 and 17 were women. Another 11 are still counted as missing, of which seven were over 70 and four were women.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-240478\" src=\"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-1000x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-1080x721.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-1280x854.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-980x654.jpg 980w, https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/20230916_CNA_NCH_9596_-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Boja Pjeva\u010d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>My brother Nikola found our mother Boja Pjeva\u010d 18 days later in Po\u010ditelj. She had three fingers missing from one hand&#8230; we are told by Dragan Pjeva\u010d, who was himself the president of the Coordination of Serb Associations of Families of Missing, Killed and Dead.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Convictions for crimes in the Medak Pocket do exist,<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> and though they may not be just, they are final. However, members of Boja Pjeva\u010d\u2019s family, her son Dragan tells us, have had their claim for reparations rejected. His appeals have been rejected twice by the Croatian Constitutional Court, while the European Court of Human Rights is of the opinion that not all legal remedies have been exhausted in Croatia. The courts take issue with the fact that the perpetrator has not been identified, or convicted, though the case itself is still under investigation. Boja was killed and her children never received reparations, instead they have to pay high legal fees to the same state whose military commanders have at least to some extent been convicted for crimes in the Medak Pocket.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>PJEVA\u010c BOJA<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>The climb is level<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>stones flying downhill.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The valley was once of two eyes<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>that watched games of stone throw,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>the waist centring the choreography of the fair.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The climb is level<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>through the woods that gently<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>laid down human traces,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>populated chimneys with nocturnal animals and<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>small birds.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The climb is level<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>no one complains,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>or tarries in the snow,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>no one leads in the mowing, <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>no one\u2019s pupils spread in fear beneath the leaves.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Aneta Vladimirov<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Mirko Norac (commander of the 9th Guard Brigade of the Croatian Army) was convicted for these crimes and sentenced to seven years in prison, during which time he got married, built a house and completed university studies. Another three members of the Croatian Army were also convicted.\u00a0 Rahim Ademi (commander of the Gospi\u0107 military area) was acquitted, while Janko Bobetko (chief of the Main Staff of the Croatian Army), indicted before the ICTY, died before trial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We visited Gospi\u0107, Divoselo, Po\u010ditelj and Medak, and the few people still living in the villages<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":240482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,727],"tags":[311,1838,138,145,171,699,143],"class_list":["post-240680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-activities","category-organised-by-others","tag-activism","tag-commemoration-en","tag-croatia","tag-dealing-with-the-past","tag-past","tag-remembrance","tag-responsibility"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=240680"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":240683,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240680\/revisions\/240683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/240482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=240680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=240680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nenasilje.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=240680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}